对外汉语教学中的形声字表义状况分析

An Analysis of Meaning Illustration by Pictophonetic Characters Applied in the Teaching of Chinese as a Foreign Language

形声字是现代汉字的主体。其表音、表义规律是对外汉字教学的重要依据。文章对《高等学校外国留学生汉语教学大纲(长期进修)》中的形声字进行了封闭性数字统计,在此基础上从形声字的等级、形旁的表义度、形旁的位置、形旁是否成字、形旁等级以及形旁构字数等各个角度,分析了形旁的表义状况及其与整字的各种关系。提出了对外汉字教学中有关形声字教学的若干建议。

Pictophonetic characters constitute the main body of the Chinese characters, and the rules of their sound recording and meaning illustrating function as important foundation in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The author conducts a closed statistics on pictophonetic characters according to The Syllabus of Chinese Language Teaching for Foreign Learners in Higher Education Institutes (for further advanced studies), Based on this, the meaning illustration of the semantic radicals and their relationship with the characters as a whole is analyzed from different angles: as a whole and at various levels. Accordingly, some suggestions on pictophonetic characters teaching are made to improve teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.