聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)高吸水剂的制备及应用性能的研究

Preparation and characteristics of superabsorbent resin-P(AA-AM)

用反相悬浮聚合法合成了丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物[P(AA-AM)]高吸水性树脂.讨论了其在蒸馏水及NaCl水溶液中的吸液性能,通过对滤液电导率的测定探讨了高吸水树脂吸盐水的机理.分别研究了在不同离子强度下NaCl、CuCl2、FeCl3和MgCl2、CaCl2、BaCl2以及KCl、KBr、KI水溶液中的吸液性能;以及在相同离子强度的不同盐溶液中的吸液性能.另外,研究了温度对树脂吸收性能的影响以及树脂的保液性能.结果表明,①随离子强度的增加吸液倍率显著下降;等离子强度下多价阳离子的存在使吸液倍率急剧减少;而同一主族阴离子的钾盐溶液中,当离子强度相等时,吸液倍率按阴离子半径从大到小的顺序依次降低,但差别很小.②高吸水性树脂中的非离子型单体的引入有利于提高树脂的抗盐性以及对不同种类盐的稳定性.在蒸馏水中,吸收倍率随温度升高而降低;但在质量分数3%的NaCl水溶液中,吸收倍率随温度的升高而升高.③合成的该高吸水性树脂具有很好的保液性能.

P(AA-AM) is synthesized by the means of inverse suspension polymerization. The absorbency of this superabsorbent resin in distilled water and NaCl solution is discussed, and the absor- bency mec hanism in the NaCl solution is also discussed by testing the conductivity of the filter liquor. Absorbency in NaCl, CuCl_ 2 , FeCl_ 3 , MgCl_ 2 , CaCl_ 2 , BaCl_ 2 and KCl, KBr, KI solutions, each of which has different ionic strength, is studied experientially. And the absorbency in different kinds of above salt solutions with the same ionic strength is also studied. Moreover, the effect of the temperature on the absorbency as well as the water retainability is also studied. Experimental result shows that, ① The absorbency decreases sharply with an increase of ionic strength; either the existence of multivalent cation or the reduction of the radius of the anion will reduce the absorbency; non-ionic co-monomer can effectively enhance the salt resistance as well as the stability of the resin. ② In the distilled water the absorbency decreases with the temperature while in the 3% NaCl solution, the absorbency increases with the temperature. ③The resin is proved to have good water retainability.