从壮语■b和■d的多元变体看语触音变规律

Study of Phonetic Law of Language Touch from Dialectal Changes of ■b and ■d of Zhuang Language

壮语声母b和d在各方言土语中有v和r、m和l、m和n三组变体。其中第一组变体是复辅音分化而成,第二组和第三组变体则是语触音变规律所使然:即b和d与"n、l相混"的语言接触时分别变成m和l;与"n、l不相混"的语言接触时分别变成m和n。从b和d的变化规律中可以看出,语触音变是因操某一种语言的人在仿读并接受另一种语言中特有的语音成分时发音动作偏位而导致的有规律的语音变化。这种语音变化最终造成两个差异:一个是语音的空间差异,另一个是语音的时间差异。语触音变规律有助于对语音史的研究。

A pair of initials 'b and d' of Zhuang language has three pairs of changed forms including 'v and r', 'm and l' and 'm and n' in dialects, among which the first, 'v and r' stemmed from two-phoneme initials' division, the second and the third were made of phonetic law of language touch, that is, if 'b and d' touch the language with mixing of 'n and l', they will change into 'm and l'; and if they contact the language without mixing of 'n and l', they will become 'm and n'. In the light of the law of the change of 'b and d', we realize that the phonetic law of language touch is a regular phonetic change caused by the rational mispronunciation of a person with a native accent when he imitates and adopts a difficult sound peculiar to an nonnative speaker. The phonetic change finally creates both differences in time and in dialects, of speech sounds. The phonetic law of language touch will play a positive role in the study of phonetic history.