兴凯湖湿地保护区鸟类多样性调查

The Survey on Bird Diversity in Xingkai Lake, China

黑龙江兴凯湖国家级自然保护区位于黑龙江省东部。地理位置为131°58′30″～133°07′30″E,45°01′～45°34′30″N。总面积为222488hm2。其中水域面积为1370km2,沼泽面积为300km2。采用样点、样线调查法和总数量调查法,从2003年3月10日至6月2日共历时73d,对保护区鸟类种类、数量、分布及资源现状进行了全面调查。共观察统计到鸟类7目32科123种,总数量达77万只。其中辨别出种类的为90000多只,未辨别出种类的鸭类60多万只,雁类8万多只;有13种为保护区新记录。为保护区进行鸟类管理及保护提供了科学依据。

Xingkai Lake National Natural Reserve is situted at 131°58′30″-133°07′30″E and 45°01′-45°34′30″N in east Heilongjiang Province. The total area is 222 4.88 km 2; including 1 370 km 2 open water and 300 km 2 mire wetlands. Xingkai Lake is the boundary lake between China and Russia. It is about 1/3 area (nearly 1 200 km 2) in China. A survey was made from March 10 to June 2 (total 73 days). The spots watching, road watching and total census ( for large open water and large birds) methods were used. The total survey area was over 14 560 hm 2. Much first-hand material was got on species, numerical distribution, resource and conservation status of birds in study area. There were 14 orders ,32 Families and 123 speciesonbirds in study region. Among the bird species, there were 13 species were new records in study area. There were over 770 000 birds; the most of them were geese and ducks, 91 165 birds were distinguished and classified clearly. Among of them, non-Passeriformes is 82 Families, about 66.67% of species . The largest population is waterbirds. 59 species of waterbirds were recorded, 71.95% of non-Passeriformes, including 6 herons and 1 stork, 4 cranes and 2 crakes, 14 plovers and sandpipers, 4 geese, 2 swans and 16 ducks, 9 gulls etc.Xingkai lake is the most migratory routeway for waterbirs, specially for geese and ducks. Over one million geese and ducks pass here in Spring and Autumn every year, and several ten thousands of birds breed there. Because of agricultural development, most of wetlands were turned into farmland. The breeding habitats were destroyed greatly. Less and less breeding birds occured. Some had disappeared. The important work in the future is recovering the wetlands, and provide a safe and peaceful habitats for birds.