土地利用规划的非理性、不确定性和弹性理论研究

A Study on the Irrational, Uncertain and Flexible Theory of Land Use Planning

土地利用规划中存在多种不确定性和非理性因素。以往单纯理性、确定性和刚性的土地利用规划理论已经不能适应现实的需要,而规划的非理性、不确定性和弹性理论在强调避免或利用规划中非理性、不确定性因素的基础上,认为规划应是一种动态、协调的思想,强调各方选择的多样性。土地利用规划非理性、不确定性和弹性理论的研究补充完善了规划的理性、确定性和刚性理论,有利于规划理论体系的发展和完善。

Land use planning plays an important role in the national macro-control of the land. Although theory research of land use planning advances day by day, it can't satisfy the actual demands in reality. Considering that there are so many irrational and uncertain factors in land use planning, a research into the irrationality, uncertainty and flexibility of land use planning is of great significance in both theory and practice. The following parts concentrate on the meaning of the irrationality, uncertainty and flexibility theory. The irrational theory means that in the compilation and implementation process of land use planning, land use planning should make the most use of the impersonal irrational factors based on avoiding or utilizing personal irrational behavior. By bringing the advantages of some irrational behaviors into play, it can integrate rational and irrational factors together in order to instruct the compilation and implementation process of land use planning in a better way. The uncertain theory of land use planning involves the following aspects. Firstly, changing the planning principle from only forecasting to integrating the forecasting and grasping the future movement together; Secondly, planning should pay more attention to forecasting the near future so as to form the dynamic ideology of planning; Thirdly, planning should be always in the phase of modification and supplementation; Finally, planning should combine related factors on the levels of both space and function. The flexible theory of land use planning suggests that planning should be a dynamic and harmonious thought. Firstly, the dynamic thought can make the planning better fit for the reality. And then, the harmonious thought can reconcile different factors in the planning. Finally, the flexibility thought emphasizes on the diversity of each one's selection, including operators and participants, the aims, the technical methods of planning and so on. On the basis of the above theories, this paper applies them to the practice of land use planning, putting forward ways to complement the rational, certain, rigid theory with the rational, uncertain, flexible theory. All of these will improve the theory system of land use planning.