黄河下游人工扰沙措施探讨

Exploitation on Artificial Sand Disturbance in Lower Reaches of the Yellow River

2004年黄河调水调沙期间进行了首次人工扰沙试验,以促进河床土启动,降低河床土启动流速,实现河床以下切为主和向水流中加沙、高效率输沙入海。理论和实践证实,实验采用的利用外力松动或冲搅河床土和利用机械摄取河床土再均匀喷洒加回到河水中的两种扰沙方式,后者更有利于增加水流紊动动能和悬移质数量及其均匀分布,利于泥沙远距离输送,扰沙效果明显优于前者,且后者还具有一船多用的特点。

First experiment of artificial sand disturbance was carried out during water and sand diversion in 2004, so as to initiate bed soil, reduce initiated flow rate of bed soil, realize undercutting dominating of riverbed and add sand into flows, transfer sand in high-efficient mode. It is demonstrated by theories and practices that, comparing two sand disturbance methods of using external force for loosening and scouring bed soil and using machines for taking bed soil out and then evenly spraying back into the river, the latter tends to be favorabling for increasing flow disturbance kinetic energy, quantity of suspended load and their even distributions, in favor of long distance sand transformation. So the result of sand disturbance is better than the prior and the latter also has an advantage of multi-usage of the vessel.