西安地区小儿非细菌性肺炎的病原学检测与分析

The detection and analysis of etiology of non-bacterial pneumonia in children in Xi'an

目的了解西安地区小儿非细菌性肺炎的病原学特点。方法应用固相ELISA技术检测病毒IgM抗体及金标免疫斑点法检测肺炎支原体IgM抗体。结果共检测302例肺炎患儿,测得肺炎支原体和(或)病毒阳性者204例,感染总阳性率为67.55%(204/302),共测出病原阳性株328株,其中肺炎支原体(MP)120株(36.6%),柯萨奇病毒(CV)77株(23.5%),呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)56株(17.1%),流感病毒39株(11.9%),腺病毒25株(7.6%),EB病毒(EBV)11株(3.4%)。单一感染为51.99%(157/302),混合感染为15.56%(47/302);西安地区一年四季各种病原体发生率有显著性差异(P<0.05);各年龄段间病原体比较,没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但以7个月～3岁小儿发病率最高。结论MP、CV、RSV是西安地区小儿非细菌性肺炎的主要病原。

Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics of non-bacterial pneumonia in children in Xi'an. Methods Virus IgM antibody was detected by solid phase ELISA technique, and mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) IgM antibody was detected by Au-mark immunodotting technique. Results In a total of 302 cases, mycoplasma pneumonia and / or virus were detected in 204, with the positive infection rate as 67.55%(204/302); 328 cases were found with positive strains of pathogens including 120 mycoplasma(MP) strains (36.6%) among which were 77 coxsackie virus(CV) strains (23.5%), 56 respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) strains (17.1%), 39 influenza virus strains(11.9%), 25 adenovirus strains(7.6%) and 11 EBV strains(3.4%). The single infection rate was 51.99%(157/302) while the mixed infection rate was 15.56%(47/302). The onset of non-bacterial pneumonia in Xi'an could be seen in all seasons of the year. There was significant seasonal difference among the incidences caused by different pathogens(P<0.05); but no difference in different age groups(P>0.05). The highest incidence age was between 7 months to 3 years. Conclusion MP, CV, RSV are the leading pathogens that cause non-bacterial pneumonia in children in Xi'an. ELISA and Au-mark immunodotting techniques are simple and quick to detect viruses and mycoplasma.