中国东部煤矿深部开采中的地质勘探技术

Geological exploration techniques used in deep coalmining in China

中国东部煤矿已经进入深部开采阶段,高产高效矿井要求查明煤层中落差5m左右的断层、幅度5m左右的褶曲、陷落柱和采空区的空间分布形态,同时查明与水文地质条件密切相关的煤层顶、底板岩性.本文概述了煤矿深部开采中的地质勘探技术,给出了利用不同勘探方法查明地质构造、岩溶裂隙发育带的应用实例,指出煤矿深部开采地质勘探技术的发展方向是将地球物理方法、基础地质勘探手段与地理信息系统技术进行有机结合.

Coalmines in eastern China have been the level of deep mining. In high-productive & high-efficient coalmines, faults with about 5m throw and folds with about 5m range in coal seams need to be detected, spatial distribution of the subsided columns and mined areas need to be located, lithology of coal roof/floor, with close relation to hydrological and gas-bursting conditions, need to be determined. In this paper, geological exploration techniques used in deep coalmining are generalized, and three cases of detecting geological structure, locating fractured zones and predicting gas distribution, which different surveying methods are applied, are given.