小说史观与金圣叹的小说评点

Historical Analysis of Novels and Jin Sheng - tan 's Novel Commentary

历史观念深刻影响着人们对小说本质的认识,中国古代的小说观始终笼罩在史学观念的阴影之下。批评家长期以来也将小说、历史并提,小说的虚构与历史的实录纠缠在一起。金圣叹在其评点中继承和发扬了司马迁的修史思想,他认为小说与史书一样具有劝勉惩戒即对社会有着认识和批判作用。他指出,在艺术上,以《史记》为代表的史传著作对古代小说影响深远,同时指出,“因文生事”的《水浒传》在艺术上也有着其超越《史记》之处。

The critique of Chinese ancient novels has been developed under the shadow of the historical concept which has a great influence on people's understanding of the nature of novel. Critics mingle the fiction of novel with the faithful record of history for a long time. In his commentary, Jin Sheng-tan inherits and develops Sima Qian's historical thoughts. Jin Sheng-tan thinks that novels, like historical books, have the fuctions of social knowledge and criticism. He points out that the historical masterpieces, represented by Shih-chi, have great influence on antient novels. In the meantime, Shui-hu Chuan surpasses Shih-chi in artistic features.