体育锻炼行为不同阶段的动机研究

Study of Motivation in Different Stages of Physical Exercise Action

体育锻炼作为一种行为活动,它包括几个不同的阶段,即前凝神阶段、凝神阶段、准备阶段、行动阶段和维持获得阶段。这些阶段是层层递进的,即前一阶段是后一个阶段的前提与基础,后一个阶段是前一个阶段的延续与发展。因此,一种锻炼行为是否能完成,主要是看这几个阶段是如何衔接、如何发展的,而在这一过程中起关键作用的是一个人的行为动机。不同的行为阶段有不同的动机,即认知失调、自我效能、自我概念、目标设置、自我决定与归因。只有对每一阶段的动机进行具体分析,才能更有效地指导人们参与并维持这一锻炼行为。

Physical exercise, as a kind of action, includes several stages, namely prerapture stage, rapture stage, preparation stage, action stage and sustentation of achievement stage. The five stages are progressive. That is to say the former stage is the precondition and base of the latter stage, and the latter stage is the continuity and development of the former stage. So whether the physical exercise action can be accomplished or not mainly depends how these stages interlink and develop. The motivation plays the key role in the process. Different action stages have different motivation, namely cognitive dissonace, selfefficacy,selfconcept,goalsetting,selfdetermination and attribution. Only by making a concrete analysis of motivation in each stage can we guide the people to take part in sports and sustain the physical exercise action effectively.