论我国草原牧区畜牧业与乡村发展

Livestock Agriculture and Rural Development of the Grassland Pasturing Area of China

草原牧区是我国农业生产的一个特殊区域.其地理位置和自然条件赋予它独特的资源优势。然而,严重的草原荒漠化,致使本区生态环境恶化.社会经济发展受阻。在经济全球化和人地矛盾突出的新形势下,深入探讨我国草原牧区人与自然、经济与社会协调发展途径.势在必行。基于对草原牧区功能、现状与困境分析,提出了牧区畜牧业与乡村发展须依托本地自然、人力和文化资源优势。以市场培育、管理规范、人才培养和基础设施等政府政策服务系统建设为支撑.重点发展优质绿色畜牧业和草原生态旅游业两大支柱产业.并以此带动源头与下游产业发展.从而实现牧民增收、畜牧业增效和乡村持续发展的目标。

The grassland pasturing area is a special region for agricultural production in China, and geographical position and natural conditions endow it with unique resources advantages. However, increasingly severe desertification of the grassland in the past decades caused eco-environment deterioration in this area and held up its socio-economic development. Economy globalization and prominent population-land conflicts in the new century promote us to adjust thinking model, convert institutions and explore approaches to a harmonious society coordinating nature and economy development. Based on analysis of function, situation and problem of the area, we proposed that livestock agriculture and rural development in the area should rely on the natural, manpower and cultural resource advantages and should be grounded on governmental services and supports, such as market-fostering, laws and regulations, science and technology, education and training, and fundamental establishments. The development emphases should be laid on green and natural livestock agriculture, and grassland rural tourism, in order to drive headstream and downstream industry development as well as construction of cities and towns, and therefore to help increase the livestock fanners' income and promote livestock agriculture and rural development.