论刑事诉讼证明责任分担的依据

Comments on the Basis for Division of Burden of Proof in Criminal Litigation

证明责任分担依据决定着各诉讼主体对证明责任的承担,并决定着诉讼的最终结果。在刑事诉讼中,传统理论对证明责任分担依据的研究主要集中在诉讼法领域中进行。事实上,我们从世界各国刑事诉讼证明责任分担的现状中可以看到,控方一般只对犯罪本体要件承担证明责任,而对排除犯罪成立的要件包括“阻却违法事由”与“阻却责任事由”则由辩方承担证明责任。证明责任的上述分配实际上根源于实体法领域犯罪构成的推定机能,正是这种推定机能使得证明责任在控辩双方之间进行了合理地分配。

The rule about proof decides the burden that the bodies undertake in criminal procedure, and decides the result of the criminal litigation accordingly. The traditional theories about the burden of proof concentrate mainly on the field of Criminal Procedure law, but in fact, from the situation about the burden of proof in criminal procedure in the world , we can find that the prosecutor only proves the action of the accused is in accord with the Tatbestand or the essential element of the constitution of crimes,and the defendant should prove the elements of the constitution of crimes that deny the crimes. The above rules about the burden of proof actually stem from the function of presumption which is owned by the constitution of crimes.