沉陷废弃地新型复垦基质主要化学性质研究

Characteristics of New Reclaiming Medium for Coal Mine Subsidence Land

煤炭开采导致大量农田受损、地表沉陷、土地荒芜及水土流失,然而目前广泛采用的粉煤灰充填后表层覆土的复垦形式,虽然取得了一定效果,但矿区覆土来源的缺乏严重影响着复垦的进度。本研究利用粉煤灰分别与污泥、酒糟以4∶1的比例组配成新型复垦基质,进行了种植植物的试验研究。通过对基质主要化学性质变化的研究表明:有机质、速效养分含量经过灌溉和雨水的淋洗仍保持较高的水平,盐分含量也明显下降,重金属元素除Cd外均未超过土壤环境质量指标值二级标准,基质理化性状能够满足植物生长的要求。这不仅促进了废弃物的资源化利用,也为采煤沉陷区节土造田、加快生态修复与利用提供了新的理论与途径。

The mining industry is often the source of the destruction of cropland and the land subsidence, soil desolation and erosion. Although the reclaiming mode of filling fly ash and covering with soil on the top had some good effect, the reclaiming work is confined heavily by the soil deficiency. A new type of medium is mixed by fly ash, sludge and lees with the proportion of 4∶1, and have planted some plants. Through the mensuration of the medium, the results show that the organic matter and the available materials are still very high through filtering by irrigation and rainwater, the salt content is also decreased evidently, the content of heavy metal is lower than the II standard of the soil environment except Cd, the new-type medium can meet the fertility demand. This not only accelerates the utilization of waste material but also offers new theory and way for the coal mine subsidence land to add fields and speed up ecological reclaiming.