多义性形成的认知机制与词典义项的处理——兼谈多义词的语义理据及词典义项的解读

从词典学的角度上讲,多义性是义项划分和义项排列的核心问题;多义性的研究关系到词典聚合体系和语义网络的构建,影响到学习者语言习得的效度,包括语言意义的理解与表述、词义消歧、话语分析和语言生产等问题。本文是从原型范畴、隐喻和转喻几个方面探讨多义性形成的认知机制与词典义项划分的语义理据,以便在词典中构建基于范畴原型和语义理据的多义词相关词类的语义网络。

From the point of view of lexicography, polysemy ist he core problem of sense division and arrangement.Researches on polysemy are related to the construction of the “nest system” and semantic network in dictionary-making, and may affect the effectiveness of language acquisition for learners, concerning the lexical understanding,semantic disambiguation, discourse analysis, as well as language production. This paper aims at the investigation ofthe cognitive mechanism of polysemy and the semantic motivation of sense division in dictionaries, so as to build upa new system for the network of meanings based on a category prototype or semantically motivated chain implicatedby the polysemes in the relevant class.