1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯的合成和性能

Synthesis and Properties of 1,1-Diamino-2,2-Dinitroethylene

以2-甲基咪唑为原料,通过硝化、水解反应,合成了1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(DADE),产率为13.4%,经元素分析、红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振等表征了其结构,研究了硫酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产率的影响,并测试了DADE的密度、爆速、感度、真空安定性、爆发点等物化和爆轰性能。

1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (DADE) was synthesized with 2-methylimidazole as primary substance by nitration and hydrolysis steps in turn and the yield of DADE is 13.4%. Its structure was char-acterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS and NMR. The effects of concentration of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature, reaction time on the yield were investigated. Some important properties of DADE were determined as :density ,1.885g/cm^3 , detonation velocity, 8047m/s(ρ=1.696g/cm^3); friction sensitivity ,10% (3.92MPa ,90°); impact sensitivity , 6%(10kg,25cm); H_(50), 89.1cm(5kg); vacuum stability test,0.14ml/5g(100℃,48h), explosion temperature, 285℃(5s delay).