小麦的穗状花序来自圆锥花序的证明

DIRECT EVIDENCE ABOUT THE SPIKE OF WHEAT ORIGINATES FROM PANICLE

通过对小麦穗状花序研究,证实:1.主穗轴上的二次轴侧生小穗可以变为带的柄二次轴分枝穗,二次轴分枝穗上的三次轴侧生小穗也可以变为带柄的三次轴分枝穗……。小穗轴基部节间伸长变茎,护颖和基部小花的外稃伸长变叶以后形成穗柄;侧生小穗的小花变为小穗以后形成分枝穗,小花的外稃变为新形成小穗的苞叶;2.不同轴次分枝穗上的侧生小穗都能产生小穗柄或变为有柄的分枝花序而形成下大上小,下繁上简的部分圆锥花序。它们都有自己的苞叶和分节的花序柄。节上有叶;3.小麦祖先圆锥花序的基本单位是带有分节柄的小穗,柄下有苞叶,节上有叶,小穗可能无护颖;4.总之,小麦祖先的花序是一个营养和生殖器官混为一体的多轴次的无限圆锥花序。随生存条件变化而伸缩;5.不同轴次的侧生小穗来自不同轴次的有柄分枝穗,分枝穗来自分枝花序。侧生小穗的护颖来自同次花序柄或分枝穗柄的基部两叶,小花的外稃来自柄的上部叶和上一级侧生小穗的苞叶,小花则来自上一级侧生小穗;6.护颖的颖体和小花外稃的稃体来自叶鞘,芒或芒状体来自叶片。

The paper has proved the following problems: 1. Under given conditions, the second axial lateral spikelet can be transformed into second axial branch spike with handle, the third axial lateral spikelet can be transformed into third axial branch spike with handle, too. A few basal internodes of rachilla are turned into the handle of the branch spike, the glumes and the lemmas of basal florets are changed into leaves on the handle. The middle and upper florets of the spikelet are transformed into spikelets, the rachilla is turned into rachis, the lemmas of middle and upper florets of the spikelet are changed into metamorphosed bracts of the new spikelets. 2. Under given conditions, every axial lateral spikelet can be all transformed into spikelet with handle or branch inflorescence with handle, they have all their metamorphosed bract, there are leaves on the handle. These branch inflorescences constitute a many gradational panicle. This panicle is precisely inflorescence of wheat remote ancestor. The lower part of the panicle is big and complicated, the upper part of it is small and simple. 3. The basic unit of the panicle is various axial spikelet with handle, they haveall their metamorphosed bract. There are leaves on the handle. The spikelets have all no glume. 4. In one word, the inflorescence of wheat remote ancestor is a many gradational indefinite panicle. The panicle consists of nutritional organ and reproductive organ. 5. Distinct axial lateral spikelet originates from distinct axial branch spike with handle, the branch spike originates from branch inflorescence. The glumes of lateral spikelet originate from two basal leaves on the handle of the branch inflorescence. The lemmas of florets originate from upper leaves on the handle and metamorphosed bracts of higher one gradational lateral spikelets. The florets of the spikelet originate from higher one gradational lateral spikelets. 6. The body of glume or lemma originates from leaf sheath, its awn originates from leaf blade.