高大平房仓综合控温储粮技术探讨

INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE IN LARGE WAREHOUSE

对高大平房仓的门窗、通风口、环流熏蒸管道等易导热部位用PVC发泡塑料作隔热保温处理,以提高仓房的隔热性能,进一步改善仓房的储粮条件;地坪用糠壳铺垫,防止底层结露;秋冬季进行自然通风和机械通风降温;春季对粮面进行薄膜密闭、泡沫板压盖保冷;在膜下铺设环流熏蒸回流管网,并均匀预留若干个风口,可进行膜下环流熏蒸和全仓不揭膜通风,还可利用环流风机平衡堆内粮温;高温季节,在环流熏蒸管道上串接小功率制冷机组对粮堆进行辅助制冷,使粮堆长期保持在低温状态;夜间合理利用轴流风机适时排除仓内空间积热,降低仓温,延缓粮温上升。实践证明,粮食在储藏过程中综合运用这些储粮技术,减少了外界环境因素对粮堆的影响,可达到明显的控温效果,使高大平房仓储粮度夏时,平均粮温控制在15℃,表层最高粮温不超过23℃,确保了粮食储存安全,延缓了粮食品质陈化,降低了保管费用,取得了良好的综合效益。

The door,windows,vent opening and recirculation ducts in large warehouse were treated by PVC foam plastic to improve heat insulation property.The floor was paved with chaff to prevent condensation in the bottom.Nature ventilation and mechanical ventilation were used in autumn and winter to lower temperature;in spring ,the surface of grain bulk was sealed with film and plastic;under the film,recirculation fumigation ducts were paved,and prepare several vent opening,thus,recircultaion fumigation and ventilation can be carried out under the film;in high temperature season,low power cooling machine was connected with fumigation duct to keep low temperature in grain bulk for a long time;and in the night,axial-flow machine was used to eliminate the hot air in space of warehouse.All the technology was used during grain storage and received good effect in controlling temperature,and reduced the effect of environment on grain,in summer,the average temperature of grain can be controlled below 15℃,the highest temperature of grain on the surface can be controlled below 23℃.The techniques can ensure safety of grain stored,delay grain quality aging,reduce storage costs,and receive good comprehensive effect.