从批评客体的接受看先秦两汉时期的文学批评

From the acceptance of criticized objects approaching the literary criticism of Qin and Han Dynasties

先秦两汉时期,文学与非文学的界限模糊。在经书、史书和教科书的意义上,《诗经》才被作为放之四海而皆准的真理为人们普遍地援引,作为最高道德价值的取向而为人们所效仿,作为拥有一切至理的工具而为人们所使用。因此,严格说来,先秦时代尚没有真正的文学批评。两汉时期,随着文人文学创作的不断涌现,批评客体的范围扩大了,相对独立的批评文本也随之出现。文学批评获得了一种相对独立的基本含意,即关注作品、作家。

There was confused ideas about the limits of literature and non-literature between Qin and Han Dynasties. As the historical and classical works, the Book of Songs was treated as the textbook and the universal truth. So there was still no genuine literary criticism in Qin Dynasty. With the scholars and the creation of literature constantly emerging, the scope of criticized objects was extended and the relatively unattached criticism texts came out. The literary criticism gained a basic meaning, that was to pay close attention to works of literature and writers.