氮磷钾肥运筹对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉黏滞谱特征参数的影响

Effects of N, P, K Fertilizer Management on Grain Amylose Content and RVA Profile Parameters in Rice

通过盆栽试验和大田试验,研究了N、P、K肥运筹对稻米直链淀粉含量和淀粉黏滞谱特征参数的影响。结果表明,随施氮期后移,直链淀粉含量下降,最高黏度值在生长前期施用不同品种间变化趋势有一定差异,但后期均呈下降趋势,消减值呈上升趋势,崩解值和回复值在倒3叶以前上升而后下降。施氮量增加,使直链淀粉含量降低,最高黏度值和崩解值下降,消减值和回复值增大。磷肥运筹对稻米直链淀粉含量和回复值影响不明显,对稻米的最高黏度值和崩解值有影响,以全部作基肥最高,后期施磷肥,最高黏度值有呈降低趋势。增施钾肥和后期施钾肥,使直链淀粉含量增加,最高黏度值和崩解值上升,消减值和回复值下降。通过适当少施氮肥或施氮肥时期前移,适期增施钾肥和追施钾肥,可提高稻米食味品质。

Effects of N fertilizer application time and N, P, K fertilizer management on grain amylose content and RVA profile parameters in rice were studied with pot and field experiments. Results showed that with the delay of nitrogen fertilizer application, amylose content decreased, peak viscosity of two cultivars had different changing trends during early growing stages and then all decreased, setback got higher, breakdown and consistency got higher when N fertilizer applied before the 3 leaf from top was grown, but got lower after that. When nitrogen fertilizer application increased, amylose content decreased, peak viscosity and breakdown got smaller, and setback and consistency got higher. P fertilizer had no obvious influence on the amylose content and the consistency, when P fertilizer was applied as basal fertilizer the peak viscosity and breakdown were the highest. With the delay of P fertilizer application, only peak viscosity decreased. With the increase and delay of K fertilizer application, amylose content increased, peak viscosity and breakdown got higher, setback and consistency got lower. The decrease or earlier application of N fertilizer, and the increase and the additional application of K fertilizer might improve grain taste quality of rice.