木霉菌制剂对禾谷全蚀病的防治作用(英文)

Biological control of take-all disease of cereals using formulations of Trichoderma species

木霉菌是对多种植物病原真菌有作用的拮抗体,包括Gaeumannomycesgraminisvar.tritici(Ggt),Pythiumspp.,Rhizoctoniasolani以及Fusariumspp.木霉菌能产生抑制植物病原真菌生长与活力的抗菌物质,是理想的植物病害生物防治菌。有效的生物防治方法可为农民提供低风险而又灵活的病害防治措施,特别是在需要减缓病原菌对化学杀菌剂产生抗药性的情况下。本文综合介绍了在南澳大利亚田间进行的利用康宁木霉菌(T.koningii)防治禾谷类根部病害的结果,并重点介绍澳大利亚在商品化开发方面的工作进展。在病害发生严重的情况下,康宁木霉菌可降低小麦全蚀病和丝核菌根腐病发病程度分别达24%和48%。小麦产量增加7%,也能降低大麦丝核菌根腐病发病程度达59%。康宁木霉菌也能够防治由Ceratocystisparadoxa引起的甘蔗凤梨病。

Trichoderma spp. are effective antagonists against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi including Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici(Ggt),Pythium spp.,Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp.Their ability to produce antifungal compounds that limit growth and activity of plant pathogenic fungi make them ideal candidates for plant disease control. Effective biological control agents offer farmers a low risk alternative to disease control and greater flexibility in crop management, particularly if pathogen resistance to chemicals is to be avoided.This paper reviews the results of field trials conducted in southern Australia for biocontrol of cereal root diseases using isolates of Trichoderma koningii, and highlights progress towards commercialisation of Trichoderma products in Australia. Where significant disease pressure occurred T.koningii reduced take-all disease severity of wheat by 24% (Butler, S.A) and Rhizoctonia disease severity by 48% (Wanilla, S.A.).Yields of wheat were increased by 7% (Esperance, W.A.) while Rhizoctonia disease severity on barley was reduced by 59% (Foul Bay, S.A.).T.koningii also showed promise for the control of pineapple disease (Ceratocystis paradoxa) of sugar cane.