市场化环境对大学组织行为的影响及其应对策略

Impacts of Marketization Environments on Universities' Behaviors and the Universities' Coping Strategies

大学处于市场力量与维护学术使命的张力之间,处理好两者之间的关系,成为大学能否在新经济时代扮演其轴心组织作用的关键。本文通过对美国研究型大学的考察,首先分析了大学在教学和研究方面的一些营利性行为以及收益与代价,其次分析了大学制度和组织对于其营利性行为的制约作用,然后简要地讨论了高等教育市场运行机制的特殊性,比较了精英大学与普通大学、非营利性大学与营利性大学之间的行为差异。最后,总结了大学应对外部市场化环境的四个策略。

Universities are obsessed by tensions between temptations from marketization environments and safeguarding role of academic values. If universities want to play an axial role in the new economy, they have to cope with the tensions successfully. The author analyzes the costs and benefits of market behaviors in universities by reviewing American research universities. The internal and external mechanisms are analyzed, which regulate the for-profit behaviors of universities. Based on above phenomena, the author discusses characteristics of higher education market by comparing elite and mass higher education institutions, non-profit and for-profit institutions. Finally, four strategies are summarized which can be adopted to cope with the marketization environments.