意识形态视野中的批评实践——特里·伊格尔顿的文学批评理论

A Critical Practice in Ideological Perspective——On Terry Eagleton's Literary Criticism

伊格尔顿从文学是一种社会意识形态这一基本观念出发,在文学的文化研究视野中建构了文学的意识形态政治批评的批评观念和理论模式。他的意识形态批评理论发展了传统的马克思主义意识形态理论和马克思主义文学批评理论,具有深刻的理论价值和应用价值,他的批评实践不失为探索“科学的马克思主义文学批评”的有效例证。但是他在心理分析-马克思主义立场上对“意识形态”概念的批判性阐释存在着本质主义的理论缺陷,从而影响了他的文学批评理论的现实效力的发挥。

Under the notion that literature is a kind of ideology, Eagleton established his ideological-political criticism modein the scope of cultural study. His theory develops the traditional theory of Marxist ideological criticism, and has great value incritical practice as well. His critical practice is an effective example of exploring 'scientific Marxist literary criticism'. However, hiscritical interpretation of ideology concept which is based on the position of Marxist psychological analysis has an essentialismdefect, which affects the effectiveness of his literary criticism.