释“暂”——兼论连词“而”的语法功能

The Explanation of “暂”——And Concurrently Talks About the Grammar Function of the Conjunction“而”

《左传·僖33年》“妇人暂而免诸国”句中“暂”字向有两解。对“暂”字的正确训释与正确认识连词“而”的语法功能有关。连词“而”字的语法功能是连接谓词或谓词性短语。先秦单音时间副词在连词“而”前作为分句中的谓词与“而”后分句构成一紧缩复句,而并不充当“而”后分句中谓词的状语。“暂而免”中的“暂”字,无论作为表示“突然”意义的单音时间副词,还是作为表示“欺诈”义的动词,都不充当“免”字的状语,因此“暂而免”是连谓短语,“暂”字应当释为动词“欺诈”。

(The Spring and Autumn Annals, the year of Xi 33) in the sentence of “妇人暂而免诸国”,“暂”always has two kinds of explanations. To explain the word“暂” correctly has something to do with the correct understanding of the grammar function of the conjunction “而”. The grammar function of the conjunction “而” is used to join predicates or predicate phrases. In Anterior Qin, the monotony word of adverbial of time before the conjunction “而” was used to make the predicate of the clause which together with the clause after the conjunction “而” formed a tighten compound sentence. It did not make the modifier of the predicate of the clause after the conjunction “而”. Therefore “暂而免” were a joined predicate phrase “暂” should be explained as a verb meaning “swindle”(欺诈).