明代地方教育建设与进士的地理分布

District Educational Development and Geographic Distribution of Jinshi in Ming Dynasty

本文从地方教育建设规模和潜在考生数量两方面,对明代地区教育发展与科举成就之关系进行了探讨。指出学校与科举在主要职能上的区分,在部分程度上给学校脱离科举的羁绊而获得一定的独立发展空间提供了机会;地方科举成就更多地依赖于地方所能够提供的考生资源,与学校、书院等的数量无直接关系。学校与科举之间的关系也还有重新进行研究的必要。

This article probes into the relations between the development of district education and the achievement of imperial examinations in perspectives of scale of district educational construction and the number of potential examinees. It points out that the distinction between schools and imperial examinations in main functions partially provides a chance for schools to break the fetter of imperial examinations and develop independently. Achievements of district imperial examinations rely more on the examinees from the district without direct relations with the number of schools and academies. And it is necessary to reconsider the relationship between schools and imperial examinations.