教师的阶层身份、社会功能与专业化——西方马克思主义关于教师的研究

Class Identification, Social Function and Professionalisation of Teacher——Studies of Teachers from a Western Marxism Perspective

教师的身份是与当代资本主义社会阶级和社会阶层的重新分化密切相关的。教师作为服务阶级,运用学历、学位层级、职称层级、职务层级以及专业学会等维护其阶级和阶层的利益;对教师的经济身份、政治身份和意识形态身份的分析识别可以确认教师的阶级地位(location)和阶级立场;教师在学校教育实现社会筛选和分化功能中扮演着主要角色;教师职业一直是社会底层阶级立志向上流动的主要职业,教师的养成(师资训育)也是一个资产阶级的意识形态社会化的过程;教师通过专业化的证书制度才受雇于国家,获得国家授予的教育(控制)权力; 教师职业也仍然存在边缘化或无产阶级化的可能;教师的解放和革命是蕴含在日常的教育和教学中的。

Identification of teacher is closely related with the re-differentiation of social class in capitalist society. As members of service class, teachers protect their class interests with academic certification, academic ranking and professionalism etc. , thus their class location and standpoint can be identified by analyzing the economic, political and ideological identification of teachers'. Teachers play an important role in fulfilling school education's function of social selection and class differentiation. People from a lower class always take teaching as a stepping-stone for upward mobility, and the training of teachers is also the socialization of capitalist ideology. Teachers are employed and granted with the educating power by the government. However, it is possible that teaching is marginalized and proletarized. Teachers should be libra-ted in daily teaching life.