北京市0～6岁儿童听力残疾现况调查

Study on hearing disability among children aged 0～6 years in Peking

目的了解北京市0～6岁儿童听力残疾流行现状及其可能致残因素。方法依据《中国残疾人实用评定标准》对北京市18个区县的28709名0～6岁儿童采用概率比例、二阶段分层整群抽样方法进行听力筛查。结果北京市2004年听力残疾现患率为1.04‰,假阴性率为0.14‰。致残因素:怀孕期间母亲饮酒(OR值为48.9);妊娠次数(OR值为4.4);怀孕期间受重大刺激(OR值为57.8);孕期使用计算机(OR值为85.4);父亲文化程度低(OR值为14.2)。结论北京市儿童听力残疾现患率低于国内同类调查的水平。与北京生活水平较高,各类致残病原因得到有效控制有关,同时也反映出北京市在妇幼保健、儿童保健等方面的工作做得较好。同时,应该提高青年人文化水平,加强婚前、孕期、育儿等方面的健康教育,避免婴儿听力残疾的发生。

Objective To explore the prevalence and the risk factors of hearing disability in the children aded 0～6 years in Peking.Methods 28?709 children aged 0～6 years living in Peking were tested with proportional,two phases screening according to the Chinese standard of evaluation in diabilities.Results The prevalence of hearing disability was 1.04‰ with the false negative rate 0.14‰.The risk factors of hearing disability were mother drinking during pregnancy,times of pregnancy,great stimulation and using of the computer during pregnancy and relatively low education degree of the father,the OR values (odd rate) of which were 48.9,4.4,57.8,85.4,14.2,resectively.Conclusion The prevalence of hearing disability in Peking was lower than that of the similar surveys in China.It was owed to the better life and the risk factors being controlled in Peking.The better heath care in women and children might be the cause of low prevalence,too.To avoid the disability,the health promotion on marriage,pregnancy and children should be paid more attention.