深圳市吸毒人群针具共用相关高危行为调查

Analysis on needle-sharing and sex-related risk behaviors among drug users in Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳地区吸毒人群中针具共用和与性相关的危险行为方式,及其对艾滋病的知识和态度。方法采用匿名问卷调查表方式,对深圳市戒毒指导中心内300名戒毒人员进行调查,有效问卷回收率为87.3%。结果在262份有效问卷中,约76%的调查对象有静脉吸毒史,40%共用过注射器(男性为21.7%,女性为18.3%);44%的男性和57%女性学员(71.7%女性静脉吸毒者)在入戒毒所6个月前有过商业性行为,其中,仅有11%的男性和33%的女性在与商业性伴性交时坚持使用安全套;多数被调查者认为自己将来感染HIV和性病的可能性较小。被调查者的知识水平与针具共用(OR=0.398)、未来行为改变(OR=2.89)和坚持使用安全套(OR=0.156)等有明显相关性。结论深圳市吸毒人群中针具共用和无保护性性行为情况较严重,是HIV流行的高危人群,也是使HIV从吸毒人群向性传播人群扩散蔓延的桥梁人群。本研究提示,应及时采取措施对从事商业性行为的静脉吸毒者进行行为干预,在吸毒人群中实施降低危害计划已刻不容缓。

Objective To study the pattern of needle sharing and sex-related risk behaviors among drug users in Shenzhen.Methods 262 anonymous questionnaires from 300 drug users in a detoxification center in Shenzhen were completed (response rate = 87.3%).Results Approximately 76% of the respondents were injecting drug users(IDU) and 40%(18.3% of the female and 21.7% of the male respondent,respectively) shared needles with others (generally with spouse or friends).About 44% of the male and 57% of the female respondents (71.7% for female IDU) engaged in commercial sex during 6 months before admission.Only about 11% and 33% of these male and female respondents,respectively,consistently used condoms with their commercial sex partners.Very few of the respondents perceived any future chance of contracting HIV (about 11%) or sexually transmitted diseases (STD,24%).Knowledge was significantly associated with needle sharing (OR= 0.398),inclination to change future behaviors (OR=2.89) and insistent on condom use (OR=0.156).Conclusion Drug users in Shenzhen were at a very high risk of contracting HIV as both needle sharing and unprotected commercial sex behaviors.The IDU with commercial sex was a priority target group for prevention.Harm reduction programs were urgently warranted.