流行性出血热早期患者口腔软腭粘膜出血点和感染病毒的电镜研究

Electron nticroscopic study on the petechial hemorrhagic spots in patients with epidemic hemorrbage fever ( EHF)

此研究利用透射电镜在３例重型流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）早期患者口腔软腭出血处粘膜鳞状上皮细胞及微血管的内皮细胞内发现ＥＨＦ病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒呈圆形、卵圆形，直径约１００ｎｍ，具有双层脂质包膜，包膜表面的微突可辨。病毒包膜内核衣壳呈空心微丝样或呈致密微粒状，并在扩大的高尔基囊泡内见到正在发芽的病毒颗粒，直径约８０ｎｍ。含病毒颗粒的感染细胞显示高尔基复合体增生扩大。上述病毒的形态与形态发生学特征符合布尼亚病毒科（ＦａｍｉｌｙＢｕｎｙａｖｉｒｉｄａｅ）的特点。另在软胯粘膜鳞状上皮细胞间和细胞内查见渗入和被吞噬的红细胞及其碎片。此结果首次应用电镜证实口腔软腭粘膜鳞状上皮细胞为宿主体内ＥＨＦ病毒侵袭的靶细胞之一，同时找到了软腭粘膜出血的亚细胞形态学证据，使ＥＨＦ发病机理的病毒直接侵袭学说得到验证。

HF viral particles were found in the squamous epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells of thepetechial spots located at the mucous membrane of the soft palate in cases of early stage of severe typeEHF by transmission electron microscopy. The viral particles are round or oval in shape, about 100nmin diameter with a lipid bilayer evelope from which spikes are protruding, The virions matured by bud-ding through the intracytoplasmic membranes into the smooth surfaced vesicles. The morphologicalcharacteristics of the viron coincided with the viral particles of Family Bunyaviridae. It was the first timeto demonstrate that the squamous epithelual cells of the soft palate is one of the target cells in EHF virusinfection and to describe the subcellular morphological evidence of the petechial spots at the soft palate by EM.