人卵、受精卵及前期胚胎染色体初步分析

Chromosomai analysis of human eggs fertilizedin vitro

应用３６例妇女进行体外授精－胚胎移植研究淘汰的未受精卵，未分裂的受精卵及形态不好的前期胚胎，制成染色体标本４４个，进行染色体分析。结果：正常未受精卵标本１３个，染色体数目正常，卵母细胞处于第二次减数分裂中期，体外授精失败，结合病史分析，与精子质量和卵成熟度有关；异常未受精卵标本４个；正常卵受精标本７个，染色体数目正常的卵母细胞虽受精，但有的未抛出第二极体，精卵发育不同步；异常卵受精标本８个，染色体数目异常的卵母细胞虽受精，但发育停滞；多精子受精标本１１个，为多倍体受精卵；正常２细胞期胚标本１个，应用药物促超排卵所致的不正常卵子，导致受精异常的比例增多。提示在自然生殖过程中，有类似的卵子异常及受精异常的现象。

ith the advent of IVFET, human oocytes andearly embryos are now available for chromosomalanalysis. In this study, 44 chromosomal preparationsof human oocytes or early embryos from 36 women inan IVF program were analyzed. 13 oocytes with nor-mal haploid chromosome complement were not ferti-lized. The cause of failure of fertilization was atri-buted to either male factors or to immaturity ofoocytes. 4 oocytes not fertilized were found to be ei-ther hyperhaploid or hypohaploid. Among 26 ferti-lized but not cleavaged oocytes 8 were also abnormal,7 were normal haploid but in different developmentalstages with the fertilizing sperms, 11 showedpolyspermia. One two-cell embryo showed normaldiploid set. The high ratio of oocyte chromosomal ab-nonnalities and abnormnal fertilization may be ex-plaine4 by the use of drug hyperstimulation offollicular development. Similar abnormalities, al-though to a lesser extent. may occur in a natural re-productive process.