黄河口的水质、底质污染及其变化

Water and sediment pollutions and their changes at the Yellow River mouth

分析了2001年在黄河口附近所取的3处水样和3处泥样中污染物的含量,并与历史数据进行了比较。利用《地表水环境质量标准》(GB38382002)和美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)水体泥沙质量标准等分别对水体和底泥中的重金属(砷)和氮磷污染进行了评价。认为黄河口的水污染严重,主要污染物为汞和氮;泥沙污染尚不严重,但污染物的增长率高;水体中较高的氮含量和泥沙中氮含量的迅速增高可能会对渤海湾的富营养化情况产生影响。

In this paper, the authors report the analysis results of the 3 water samples and 3 sediment samples at the Yellow River mouth and compared them with the historical data. The water quality was evaluated by employing China's Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). The sediment quality guidelines for waters by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of USA are employed to evaluate degree of sediment contamination by the heavy metals and arsenic, and the standards of specific pollutants in sediment of the Technical Rules of the Second Baseline Investigation on Chinese Ocean Pollution (TRSBI) are used to evaluate the sediment contamination by the concentrations of organic material, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. It is found that the waters near the Yellow River mouth are seriously polluted by mercury and nitrogen. The sediment at the Yellow River mouth has not seriously been polluted since the 1970s, but the increased rates of the pollutants are noticeably high. High concentration of nitrogen in waters and high increase rate of nitrogen in sediment at the Yellow River mouth may cause eutrophication and contributes to the frequently occurred red tides events in the Bohai Bay.