麦收皮炎病因的初步研究

Preliminary Experimental Study on the Etiology of Wheat Harvest Dermatitis

对麦穗携带的真菌、麦穗洗涤液及叶锈菌和白粉菌分别做了豚鼠和人皮肤斑贴试验。发现豚鼠间隔１２日重复斑贴反应强度及阳性率比初次试验显著增加，串珠镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌、尖端单抱、黄曲霉、黑曲霉、杂色曲霉和麦穗洗涤液阳性率达１００％；人皮肤斑贴试验阳性率超过５０％者恰与上述菌相同。结果提示：上述７种菌是此病的发病原因，这些菌及其所产生的真菌毒素对人有毒性及致敏作用。故此病的本质是职业性真菌性接触性皮炎。发病与叶锈菌和白粉菌无关。

Skin patch-tests with the fungi isolated from the ears of wheat were performed on humans and guineapigs respectively in this article. We found that the extent of reaction and the positive rate were significantly higher in the repeated test after 12 days than those in the first, and the positive rates were 100% in the tests with F. moniliforme, F. semitectum, F. equisetim, Monosporium apiospermum, A. flavus, A. 'iger, A. verszcolor and the washings of the ears of wheat,the positive rates were higher than 50% in the tests of men with above mentioned fungi and washings. The result suggest that aforesaid seven species are the pathogens of wheat harvest dermatitis. These organisms and their toxins may have toxic and sensitizing action to men. So we consider that the disease is an occupational fungal contact dermatitis, and is not related to puccinia and erysiphe.