欧洲联盟公民权的建构——从1970年代到《马斯特里赫特条约》

On the Construction of European Union Citizenship

欧洲公民权制度是《欧洲联盟条约》中一项重要的制度创新,但这项制度创新并不是一蹴而就的,而是经历了一个曲折的建构过程。20世纪70年代,在欧洲联盟议程和欧洲认同建构的语境中萌发了欧洲公民权的观念。1984年枫丹白露峰会后,欧洲公民权的建构被纳入共同市场建设的框架之中。90年代初,在马斯特里赫特政府间会议期间,经过激烈的辩论和讨价还价,欧洲联盟公民权最终被作为一项制度创新写入《欧洲联盟条约》。欧洲公民权是欧洲政治一体化的必然结果。作为一个制度框架,欧洲公民权内涵的进一步完善取决于欧洲政治一体化的未来发展。

The concept of European citizenship comes into being as one of the important institutional innovations of the Treaty on the European Union. It was not created overnight, but underwent a long and twisted process. This paper tries to analyze the historical process of its construction. In the 1970's, it was in the agenda of constructing a political Union and in the discourse on the European identity that the embryonic notion of European citizenship emerged. After the Fontainebleau Summit in the 1984, the ideas of European citizenship were institutionalized in the framework of Internal Market. After heated debates and negotiations in the early 1990's, the notion of European citizenship was finally codified in the Treaty on European U-nion. The introduction of 'European citizenship' into the EU Treaty is an inevitable result of European political integration, and as an institutional framework, the accomplishment of the specific contents of EU citizenship also depends upon the future development of European political integration.