有限空间的危害辨识与风险控制研究

Studies on Hazard Identification and Risk Control of Confined Space

有限空间是一种作业风险比较高,且还未引起广泛重视的一种作业环境。对有限空间的基本概念、分类,缺氧或富氧、易燃气体和蒸气、有毒气体和蒸气,各种机械伤害和人身伤害等4类主要危害以及风险控制等方面进行了系统的阐述,并指出了有限空间的危害辨识是进行风险分析和控制的关键。根据危害辨识和风险分析,提出了包括有限空间辨识、警告标识、风险分析、作业安全分析、进入程序、应急救援预案、气体监测、现场恢复等科学的有限空间风险控制程序,为有效控制和减少有限空间的风险提供了技术支持。

Confined space is one kind of high risk and frequently ignored.Systematic description is made in this paper,including basic concept and categories of confined space,4 types of hazards,such as oxygendeficiency and richness,flammable gas and vapor,toxic gas and vapor,mechanical hazards and human injuries,and so on,and risk control and it is pointed out that hazard identification is the key to control and analyze the risks of confined space.Some scientific risk control procedures are put forward including space identification,alarm label,risk analysis,work safety analysis,entry program,emergency procedures,atmospheric test,site recovery,and so on ,to offer technical suport for effectively controlling and lessening risks in confined space.