深圳笔架山公园土壤性状分析

An Analysis of Soil Properties in Bijiashan Park of Shenzhen

对深圳笔架山公园土壤的发育条件和土壤类型进行了调查,分析了土壤的基本理化性质,对N、P等土壤养分含量水平进行了评价,并提出了关于施肥、林分改造等方面的建议。本次调查共挖掘了12个土壤剖面,采集了41份土壤分析样品,用环刀和小铝盒采集了各剖面表层土壤,测定容重和含水量等。对土壤分析样品进行了理化性质测定。野外调查发现,笔架山土壤主要为砂页岩赤红壤和泥页岩赤红壤,地表枯落物保存较好,但灌草层稀疏。土壤石砾含量较高,最高可达466.3g·kg-1,土壤质地主要为壤土,土壤多呈酸性或强酸性。有机质平均含量为10.64g·kg-1,属中下水平;全氮和碱解氮平均含量分别为0.95g·kg-1和28.79mg·kg-1,速效磷平均含量为2.59mg·kg-1,均属偏低水平。全氮、碱解氮含量和有机质含量呈显著正相关关系。表层土壤中有机质含量较丰富,含氮量较高,随着剖面深度增加,有机质和氮含量逐渐减小。针对笔架山公园土壤现状,作者认为有必要采取措施改良土壤肥力水平,林分改造时宜营建混交林,保护地被物,以便保持水土,提高生物多样性,并获得良好的景观效果。

The Bijiashan Park is located in the northwest of Shenzhen City.The peak altitude of the park is 178 meters. Around the peak, there are ten hills assuming undulating mountain. The total area of the park is 146 hectares, among them, the hilly area covers more than 80% of the land. In this paper, the soil condition and soil type, physical and chemical properties, and evaluates the soil N,P contents were surveyed and researched.Then, authors put forward some suggestions on soil management and forest reconstruction. In the field survey, 12 soil profiles were dug and observed and a total of 41 soil samples were collected. The results showed that the soils of Bijiashan park were mainly sandy shale lateritic red soil and muddy shale lateritic red soil.The litterfalls were well preserved on the ground, but the understory shrubs were sparse. Gravel contents in the soil were high, with the highest at 466.3 g·kg^(-1).The texture of soil was mainly loam. The soil was generally acid or strong acid, the grassland was alkali, which was due to fertilization. The average content of organic matter was 10.64 g·kg^(-1).The contents of total nitrogen and available nitrogen were 0.95 g·kg^(-1) and 28.79 mg·kg^(-1),respectively. The mean content of available phosphorus is 2.59 mg·kg^(-1).There was a significant positive correlation between the contents of organic matter and contents of total nitrogen and available nitrogen. The contents of organic matter and nitrogen were rich in the topsoil and dropped with the increasement of the soil depth. To improve soil fertility and landscape, it suggests that organic fertilizer be applied, plants suitable to the park landscape be selected in forest reconstruction and mixed plantation be established.