不同森林类型的土壤持水能力及其环境效应研究

Analysis of Water Capacities Held in Different Forest Soils and Environmental Effect

以森林类型梯度镶嵌分布格局的研究为基础,以泰山龙潭积水区的森林土壤为研究对象,对不同森林类型下的土壤进行调查测试分析,结合水文、DEM数据分析了区内不同林型地土壤的蓄水能力和水源涵养功能。结果表明该区森林土壤连续涵蓄降水的能力较强,但不同森林类型条件下土壤蓄水能力差异明显,以刺槐林地最好、山顶灌丛最差。区内以成熟林为主,森林植被保护较好,土壤水分特性较佳,能有效减少区域地表径流,增加地下径流量,改善集水区内的水分分配,提高水分的可利用性,对下游环境和水资源的综合利用起到积极的作用。

Based on forest type gradient mosaic pattern maps, different forest soils and their water capacities were investigated and tested in Longtan area of Mountain Tai. In this experiment, DEM, rainfall and hydrological data were used to analyze the function of water storage and retaining. It revealed that the forest soils in the researching area have high water capacities and the usability characters of water held in soils are well. There were greatly significant differences between different forest soils, and the best soil was locust tree soil and the lowest soil was shrubbery soil in mountaintop. In this area, the main part of forestland is mature forests and the status of forest eco_environmental system is well stable and balanceable. The eco_environment in the area and in the downstream area has been greatly improved due to their high water capacities of forest soil and the good characteristics of soil water, such as accelerating beneficial cycle of forest ecosystem, mitigating lose of surface water, distribution and utility of soil water. Good water characters and high capacity of water held in forest soils are beneficial to water sources conservation and eco_environmental development in downstream areas.