印度石油工业及其产业政策变迁

55 I India's Oil Industry and the Changes in Its Industrial Policies

最近10年,印度的石油消费和进口快速增长,为了应对这个挑战,印度对其石油产业政策进行了积极的调整:积极推进石油产业市场化改革,对外资和私人企业开放油气勘探领域并给予税收上的优惠,允许外资进入炼油和管输业务,允许私人企业进入油品销售业务,逐步取消政府对油品价格的管制;切实维护消费者利益,增加偏远地区的基础设施建设以确保这些地区的消费者能够获得石油产品,要求销售公司公布最高零售价格并对牟取暴利的行为进行纠正,对价格承受力差的部门进行补贴;政府的职能从直接管制逐步向监管和服务转变;构建国家石油安全和战略体系,加强国内油气勘探确保石油安全,建设石油期货市场谋取石油定价权等。我国石油产业面临逐步走向市场化和维护国家石油安全的双重挑战,印度的改革经验具有一定的借鉴意义。

India has introduced some positive changes in its industrial oil policies in order to address the sharp rise in its oil consumption and importation over the recent decade,: To push ahead with the oil market reform, deregulate the oil/gas exploration sector for foreign investors and private businesses and granting them incentives in taxation. To allow foreign investors access to the oilr efininga nd pipeline transportationb usiness.Toa llow private businesses into the field of oil product sales, and to phase out the government's regulation over the oil product price. To safeguard the interests of consumers and increase the availability of oil and gas infrastructure in remote areas to ensure the local consumers' access to oil products. To order sales companies to publicise their highest retail price, in order to avoid price gouging, and by granting subsidies to those departments vulnerable to big fluctuations in oil price. To shift the role of government from direct control to a combination of supervision and service. To establish a national oil security and strategy system, to increase the domestic oil and gas exploration to reduce its dependence on overseas supplies, and to create an oil futures market to seek the right to determine the oil price. These positive moves taken by the Indian Government are of great interest to the Chinese oil sector, which is now facing the dual challenges of market reform and how to protect the national oil security.