山羊草属不同细胞质对小麦籽粒蛋白含量及组分的影响研究

Effects of Different Types of Aegilops Cytoplasm on Protein Contents and Components in Wheat Kernels

以山羊草属 Aegilops 6种不同异源细胞质的异质小麦品系Chris为材料,与生产上广泛种植的9个常规小麦品种正反杂交,系统地研究了供试6种异源细胞质对其F1 籽粒蛋白含量的影响,同时对单芒山羊草 Ae.u-niaristata 、二角山羊草 Ae.bicornis 细胞质对籽粒蛋白组分含量的影响亦进行了研究.结果表明: 1 在以6种异源细胞质材料为母本的杂交组合中,78%的组合其蛋白含量高于反交对照.尤以单芒、二角山羊草细胞质的正效应最为显著,平均提高2个以上百分点,最高达3.7个百分点. 2 供试单芒、二角异源细胞质对籽粒清蛋白和球蛋白的含量影响最大,对醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量的影响相对较小,其效应值大小因特定组合而异. 3 供试异源细胞质对籽粒蛋白质含量和组成的影响均存在显著的核质互作效应.通过异源细胞质的途径来改良小麦籽粒的蛋白含量和组分是一条有效可行的方法,只要选择合适的核质组合即可达到改良目的.

Six heterogeneous wheat lines carrying six different types of Aegilops cytoplasm and belong to Chris were used to conduct the direct and reciprocal crosses with nine wheat varieties,which were widely adopted in wheat production,for systematically studying the effects of the six different types of cytoplasm on the protein contents in F_1 kernels as well as the effects of Ae.uniaristata cytoplasm and Ae.bicornis cytoplasm on the protein component contents in F_1 kernels.The results indicated that (1)78% of all the cross combinations with the materials carrying six different types of cytoplasm showed higher protein contents the reciprocal cross combination did.In particular,the positive effects of Ae.uniaristata cytoplasm and Ae.bicornis cytoplasm appeared the most significant and averagely increased by two percentage points with their highest increments amounting to 3.7 percentage points;(2)Ae.uniaristata cytoplasm and Ae.bicornis cytoplasm exerted the strongest influence on albumin and globin contents in the kernels but affected gliadin and glutelin contents in the kernels to a relatively lower extent with their effects varying with specific combinations.(3)The types of cytoplasm under study presented significant karyon-cytoplasm interactions in the protein contents and protein component contents of the kernels.Modifying the protein content and protein component contents in wheat kernels by dint of different types of heterogeneous cytoplasm was an effective approach and whether the modification came true depended on karyon-cytoplasm combinations.