长期定位施肥对冬小麦品质及产量构成因素的影响

Effects of Long-term Position Fertilization on the Quality and Yield Components of Winter Wheat

利用连续2 5 a在无石灰性潮土的定位施肥试验,研究了长期施肥对冬小麦品质及产量构成因素的影响,结果表明,高量有机肥配施高量氮肥、氮磷钾配施能提高冬小麦面粉吸水率、沉降值,延长面团形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间,提高氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸含量.高量有机肥配施高量氮肥可提高冬小麦籽粒中谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸的含量,增加37.2 1%～5 4 .6 2 % ,与对照比较均达极显著水平.长期施肥对作物籽粒氨基酸含量的影响也不相同,冬小麦籽粒中氨基酸含量受施肥影响最大的是谷氨酸,变异系数 CV 为14 % ,最小的是苏氨酸和赖氨酸,CV为7.6 7%及5 .2 7% .

An experiment of position fertilization was conducted on non-calcareousness fluvo-aquic soil for twenty years to study the effects of long-term position fertilization on the quality and yield components of winter wheat and its results showed that the fertilization with organic and nitrogen fertilizers at high rates could cause the flour of winter wheat to present increased water absorption,increased sedimentation value,prolonged dough-forming time,prolonged dough-settling time and dough timetobreak,increased total amino acid content and increased essential amino acid content;and the fertilization with organic and nitrogen fertilizers at high rates could significantly increase the contents of glutamic acide,serine,proline,alanine,and phenylalanine in the kernels of winter wheat by 37.21%～54.62% compared with those of the control.The long-term position fertilization showed different effects on different amino acids in the kernels of winter wheat,the strongest effect appearing on glutamic acid with its CV at 14%,and the weakest effects appearing on threonine and lysine with their CVs at 7.67% and 5.27%,respectively.