环境因子对豆科共生固氮影响的研究进展

Research Advances in the Effects of Environmental Factors on the Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes

环境因子的限制一直是豆科植物-根瘤菌共生固氮体系没有在农业生产中充分发挥作用的重要原因之一.目前,研究涉及的环境因子主要有水分、矿质营养元素、温度、重金属、钠盐、CO2 、土壤类型以及p H等.水分胁迫会导致豆科植物根瘤减少和固氮效率低下;矿质元素方面,除氮磷钾外,微量元素对固氮影响也很明显;不适的温度会对豆科植物的结瘤固氮产生一定的限制;重金属能从不同方面直接和间接地影响共生固氮,寻找适合作尾矿先锋植物的豆科植物是当前的一个研究热点.本文除详细阐述了这方面开展的研究以外,还浅析了这方面研究目前国内外存在的一些主要问题和发展趋势.

Environmental factors are always one of the major reasons why the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing system of rhizobia and legumes cannot come into full play in agricultural production. Now the environmental factors involved with the research include water, nutrient elements; temperature, heavy metals, sodium salts, carbon dioxide, soil types and pH, etc.. water stress can result in decreased root nodules and decreased nitrogen-fixation efficiency; besides nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, trace elements remarkably affect nitrogen fixation; improper temperature can limit the nitrogen fixation by legumes to a certain extent; heavy metals could directly and indirectly affect the symbiotic nitrogen fixation in many manners and thus it is a research hotspot to find some pioneering gangue-colonizing legumes . The paper details the research in this respect as well as briefly analyzing the major current research problems and trends of this respect at home and abroad.