柱型苹果叶片的解剖学研究

Study on the leaf anatomical structure of columnar apples

利用常规的石蜡切片法,对苹果品种舞姿(柱型)、短枝富士、普通富士以及舞姿×短枝富士的实生后代的叶片结构进行解剖比较研究。结果表明,柱型苹果在叶片总厚度和栅栏组织厚度上明显有别于其他2种类型,表现为:柱型>短枝型>普通型;柱型苹果的海绵组织厚度与其他2种类型无显著差异。普通型苹果的叶片栅栏组织细胞一般排列成2层,其栅栏组织与海绵组织的厚度比值小于1;而柱型和短枝型的栅栏组织细胞通常排列成3层或4层,其栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值大于1,而且,随着矮化程度的加强,栅栏组织细胞层数和栅/海比有增加趋势。

Using the method of normal paraffin sectioning, the leaf structures of apple cultivars Telamon (columnar), Spur Fuji (spur-type), Fuji (common type) and hybrids derived from Spur-Fuji × Telamon with different phenotype in tree form were compared. The result indicated that the thickness of leaf and palisade was different distinctly among these three types (columnar>spur-type>common type), but there was no definitely difference in spongy thickness of them by statistic analysis. The palisade tissue cells of common type were 2 layers, while those of spur-type and columnar type were 3 or 4 layers. The ratio of palisade tissue (P) and spongy tissue (S) of common type was less than 1, and that of spur type and columnar type was more than 1. Moreover, the number of palisade tissue cell layers and the ratio of P/S were increased with the dwarfing degrees.