拨子商与近代东蒙的商业圈和物流

The Market System and Commodity Circle in East-Inner Mongolia in Modern Time

本文以拨子商的活动为中心分析近代东蒙的商业圈和物流。拨子商出现于清中叶,拨子商的基地城市位于农牧交错带上。由于清中叶以后农业的北扩,这批基地城市也步步北移。从南到北,货流从边缘城市到牧区,甚至到外蒙。主要的运输动力是骆驼和牛,赶骆驼需要很高的技术。从北到南的主要物流是畜群,特别是羊群。羊群的行走可达8000里。拨子商兴起使得蒙古和内地的社会经济都发生了改变。

The market system and commodity flux in East-Inner Mongolia is discussed by the activity of merchants and in modern time in this article. Merchants in grassland were emerged in middle period in the Qing dynasty, the cities these merchants lived were in the agriculture-pasture belt. As for the enlarging of agricultural belt, cities merchants lived were moving north step by step. From south to north, commodity flux was going from these front cites to pasturing area, even to outer-Mongolia. The transport force was mainly provided by camel, and the camel driving needed high technique of person. From north to south, commodity flux was livestock, mainly sheep. Sheep walked even 8000 li. The emerging of grassland merchant made great changes both on Mongolia and inland China.