家蚕卵的卫星搭载实验研究

ExperimentaI Studies of Silkworm Eggs onboard Recoverable Satellite

在中国第１２颗返回式卫星的生物舱中进行了中国家蚕卵的搭载实验。目的是观察家蚕卵能否在太空环境中完成胚胎发育；观察飞行环境是否会对返回地面后家蚕的生长发育、蚕茧产量和丝质量及生化指标产生影响；探索利用太空环境诱变家蚕新品种的可能性．搭载蚕卵有四个品种，包括滞育、杂交、原种，卫星飞行８ｄ，飞行高度为２０９～３０９ｋｍ，总辐射剂量０．５９ｍＧｙ。按蚕业常规方法记录了胚胎发育期、孵化率、消化吸收率、蚕茧产量、蚕丝质量、丝腺体ＧＰＴ酶活性和中肠ｒ－ＧＴ酶活性。结果指出，家蚕可以在飞行环境中完成正常胚胎发育，并比地面同步对照组提前２ｄ孵化。飞行环境对杂交品种孵化率影响不大，但明显降低纯种蚕卵的孵化率。在飞行中孵化的蚕卵返回地面后发育也较快，与地面对照组比较幼虫期缩短７ｈ，孵化期缩短１ｄ。如果与胚胎发育时间缩短一并考虑，飞行组家蚕生命周期共缩短６．３％，飞行环境对家蚕幼虫体重无明显影响。但飞行组家蚕的消化吸收率、叶丝转化率、中肠的ｒ－ＧＴ酶活性、丝腺的ＧＰＴ酶活性有增加或者增加的趋势。蚕丝质量也有提高的趋势。没有观察到对滞育蚕的上述影响。各品种蚕卵经飞行后蚕茧产量变化不完全相同某些品种茧量增加、某些品种茧量降低。本实验没?

In order to study the effect of microgrivity in the earth orbit on the devel-opment and heredity of silkworm eggs and to see whether some kind of mutation can be in- duced,a series of experiments were conducted with Chinese silkworm onboard the Chinesc 12th recoverable satellite。 The samples studied during the flight included diapause and non-diapause silkworm eggs. The control groups were studied on the ground at thc same ti me in a natural environment.The rcsults were as follows :thc life span of silk worm in the flight group was shortened as compared with control group on the grou nd,eg,2 days shorler in embryo development,l day shorter in stage of emergence,7h shorter in larval period post flight;the hatching rate of stagnant hybrid eggs was unaffected but that of the purebred eggs decreased after flight; after space flight the digestion and absorption ratc of the silkworm .as well as the leaf--silk conversion ratio increased ,and the silk quality improved to some ex-tent;the effect on cocoon production were different for different kinds of eggs ;the activity of GPT in the silkgland and r-GT in the intestine in the flight group were higher than those in control group。The resuIts obtained indicated that it is promising that some new varietics of silkworm could be developed in the spaee environmcnts during space fight。