上海市社区戒毒康复现状分析

An Investigation on Rehabilitation after Detoxification in Community of Shanghai

目的:了解上海市社区戒毒康复现状,探索适合于上海戒毒康复体系和进一步完善措施。方法:通过机构调查和对上海市2003年10月―2005年1月分布在19个区、县,232个街镇登记在册19738名吸毒者社区康复帮教工作进行统计,并对相关因素进行调查分析。结果:上海市社区戒毒康复工作,原先只由所在地公安派出所和居委会作为主要力量,致使戒毒人员重返社区后的康复帮教工作相当薄弱,戒毒后复吸率高。对此,引起了上海市政府部门高度重视,采取了一系列应对措施,包括三个方面:⑴建立专职禁毒社工队伍,使社会帮教工作得到有效落实。⑵将心理治疗、预防复吸作为戒毒康复重要组成部分。⑶将公共卫生方面的精神卫生预防控制体系功能延伸到社区戒毒康复。结论:上海市目前虽然具有天时、地利、人和的戒毒康复基础工作条件。但如何将司法、医疗、社区各部门的资源更好地加以整合,发挥其最大的社会效益,推动社区戒毒康复相关工作系统科学地发展,还存在薄弱环节和空白点,有待进一步完善。

Objective: To understand the process of rehabilitation after detoxification (RAD) in Shanghai community and to investigate the model of RAD in keeping with Shanghai community and making progress in further perfect measures. Methods: By an organized investigation of 19738 drug addicts registered in 232 street areas of 19 districts in Shanghai from October 2003 to January 2005, the statistical work and analyzing relative factors were conducted. Results: The work of the community RAD in Shanghai had been done by local police stations and substations of residents only which had been used as the main power at first. But the model caused little effects at all in RAD in helping and teaching drug addicts in community: the rate of relapse after detoxification had been high. Then the government of Shanghai paid high attentions to this problem and adopted a series of relative measures as follows: 1.to establish a special agency for forbid drugs. 2.to include psychological treatment and prevention of relapse after detoxification. 3.to extend the function of the system of prevention and control of mental health within public hygiene the public hygiene to community RAD. Conclusion: Shanghai has a good foundation in various aspects , but there are weak points and blank space in following fields: firstly how to make the judicial, medical and community resources into integration; secondly how to develop their social performance to their maximum; thirdly how to develop scientifically and systematically in various branches of community. It is a long way to reach their goal.