公路和城市街渠机动车大气污染物扩散模式发展综述

Review of Vehicular Pollution Dispersion Models of Roadway and Urban Street Canyons

随着城市机动车数量的增加,机动车尾气污染已经成为城市污染物的重要来源。研究机动车尾气扩散规律,可为公路建设,车流量控制,街道大气污染的监测、评价与防治提供科学依据。对公路机动车污染物扩散模型的发展进行了回顾,详细论述了高斯模式、数值模式、统计模式等模式的发展历程及其目前存在的问题,并比较了几种典型模式的性能优劣及其各种条件下的适用性。随后对城市街渠峡谷机动车污染物扩散模型进行专述,指出了街渠峡谷模式研究的难点在于街渠流场模拟,介绍了国外最新街渠流场研究方法。最后提出了当前机动车大气污染物扩散模型存在的主要困难,展望了其解决途径和发展的方向。

There has been a substantial growth of road traffic over the years and consequently,of air pollution caused by the vehicular exhausts,which is now considered as one of the primary source of urban air pollution.So the research of vehicular exhaust dispersions can serve the road construction,vehicle control,monitor assessment and decrease of air pollution over road.A comprehensive overview of the road vehicular pollution dispersion models is presented in this paper.The emphasis is on the progress together with the existing limitations of various models including Gaussian models,numerical models and statistical models.Then the accuracy along with the suitability in various conditions are compared.Subsequently,the review specializes at the dispersion models of urban street canyons.It points the primary difficulty of current model research existing at the simulation of the flow in urban street canyon,at the same time,introduces the progress in the simulation.At last,several crucial barriers in developing vehicular pollution dispersion models are presented,and the possible solution ways are also given.