神话中的悲剧原型及其嬗变

Tragedy archetypes and the changing of myth

在神话的悲剧原型中,原始先民的实践力量还不足以征服自然,人类的主观愿望与客观力量之间是不协调的,人们的实际力量不能够帮助其实现自己的愿望,这就造成了理想同现实之间的矛盾冲突。在神话时代,人的本质力量尚处于对象化的萌芽期,人性力量的异化还不能同化自然,二者之间的较量常以人类的惨痛失败而告终,这就是悲剧原型的实质。神话中的悲剧原型演变为现代悲剧。现代悲剧是人类中心主义的极度膨胀和人类本质力量的过度对象化所导致的。现代悲剧首先表现为人类对自然生态环境的破坏,从而导致人类生存空间的恶化;其次表现为人的自我异化,人成为物欲的奴隶而蜕变为单维度的畸零人。现代悲剧是人类不遵循自然规律所招致的惩罚。

In tragic archetypes of myth, the practical power of primitive people isn't enough to conquer nature, mankind's subjective wish doesn't coordinate with his objective power, and man's practical power can't help him to achieve his wish, which leads to conflict between ideal and reality. At the age of myth, man's essential power is still in the bud of practice, and the alienation of man's power can't assimilate nature, the refore the contest between both often ends with man's crushing defeat. That is the essence of the tragic archetype. The tragic archetype of myth evolves into the contemporary tragedy. The excessive expansion of mankind's egotism and the excessive practice of mankind's essential power lead to the contemporary tragedy. It first displays in the destruction of natural ecological environment, which results in the worsening of mankind's existent space; it secondly displays in man's self alienation, and man becomes the slave of material desire and decays into single dimension abnormal man. The contemporary tragedy is the punishment caused by not following nature’s law.