黔西南布依族“浪哨”音乐文化之比较研究

A Comparative Study on “Langshao” Music and the Culture of the Buyi Nationality in the Upper and Lower Parts of Southeastern Guizhou Province

“浪哨”(nanghsaaul)是布依族青年男女友谊交往,、谈情说爱的一种传统社交活动。在黔西南州,布依族“浪哨”还有一别称叫“行哨”,用汉语称为译为“玩表、玩老表、赶表”等。在“浪哨”活动中,青年男女为了寻觅意中人,大多“以歌代言”进行对歌叙话,表达内心的情感与爱慕之情。明代弘治《贵州图经志》记载;“仲家婚嫁则男女聚饮、歌唱”、“歌唱相悦者,然后论姿色妍媸,索牛马多少为聘礼”等等,充分说明“浪哨”音乐之盛行,且婚姻是自由对歌“浪哨”缔结的。布依族,作为人类种族之一者,自身的生产繁衍总是通过它本身传统的婚姻缔结方式进行,只与本民族通婚。而“浪哨”,作为缔结婚姻链条之一环,在布依族聚居区,显得非常活跃。布依族“浪哨”音乐文化是布依族文化的重要组成部份分,已渗透在其其各种民俗事象中,成为民俗的部分,要探究布依族的“浪哨”音乐文化,只有把它置于其赖以生存的民俗环境中进行研究,才能观其全貌、揭示其规律。

“Langshao” is an activity of communication and love affairs between the Buyiyouth. In Southeastern Guizhou Province, “langshao” is also called “xingshao” in Chinese translation, something like “wanbiao”, “wanlaobiao” or “ganbiao” in certain parts of China, indicating the youth's love affairs. The music in these activities belongs to “langshao” music, including folk songs and meidiao in the upper part of SE Guizhou and “langshaodiao” and leyoudiaoin the lower partof SE Guizhou. “Langshao” music and culture are important components of the Buyi ethnic culture. They have infiltrated into each folk custom. By using the theory and method of ethnomusicology this paper tries to do a holistic and macroscopic research on “langshao” music and culture, to analyze the commonness and individuality of theculture and musical form of the two kinds of “langshao” music, the upper'sand the lower's. And the paper also tries to draw a comparison between “langshao” music and culture and music of the Zhuangand Hannationalities and further to explore the characteristicsof Buyi “langshao” music and culture.