中国绍兴现存古石桥建筑

Construction of existing antique stone bridges in Shaoxing,China

中国绍兴地区现存民国以前古石桥600多座,连续跨越1600多年,形成一种古桥文化体系,在世界上是无与伦比的。因此应申报世界文化遗产。为了国内外同行对绍兴古桥有所了解,绍兴朋友曾与笔者撰两文首先在国外作初步宣传。在此基础上笔者进一步学习和再次去绍兴实地考察并拍摄照片以增加感性认识。现从12个方面予以综合介绍。这些桥从结构上可分两大类:梁桥和拱桥,其中梁桥含石梁柱桥、石梁墩桥、伸臂支承梁桥、有异形平面的梁桥和梁拱组合桥,拱桥有多种型式,这包括圆弧形拱桥、半圆形拱桥、马蹄形拱桥、折线形拱桥和悬链线形拱桥。为了申遗,笔者谨提出些不成熟想法供有关方面参考,如清理有代表性古桥的环境对周围进行某些拆除,更换桥上风化石块,对古桥年代予以科学鉴定,恢复少数更改过的桥名,因海外侨胞只记得或只知道原桥名……等。

In Shaoxing Region,China,there are more than 600 existing antique stone bridges constructed before the Republic of China (1912～1949).The construction are continuously over 1 600 years and a special culture system of antique bridges has been formed.This situation is unrivalled in the world.Therefore it is appropriate to make an application for the cultural heritage of the world.The friends in Shaoxing with the author have edited two English articles to publish in foreign countries for publicizing preliminarily these antique stone bridges to foreign colleagues.The author studied further relevant materials and visited Shaoxing again to investigate some famous antique bridges to increase the perceptual knowledge and took some photos.Then he introduces firstly in Chinese comprehensively the existing Shaoxing antique stone bridges in twelve respects.All the bridges can be divided into two kinds: beam bridges and arch bridges,in the former,there include stone beam bridges with column and pier supports as well as bracket supports,also including beam bridges with special planes and beam-arch composite bridges; in the latter,there include circular arc arch bridges, semi-circulararch bridges,hoof-shaped arch bridges,fold-shaped arch bridges and catenary arch bridges.As the application for historical cultural heritage of the world,the author tries to put forward some superficial suggestions for the reference of relevant sides,such as the circumference of some typical antique bridges should be cleaned,including to remove somethings around,the weathered stone blocks in these bridges should be changed,the constructed years should be appraised scientifically,and a few bridge names changed should be revised into the original,because overseas Chinese remember or know only the latter,…etc.