精神分析自身心理学的诞生:一种社会学的阐释

The Birth of the Psychoanalytic Self Psychology:a Sociological Interpretation

精神分析自身心理学的出现,因应了美国人精神状况的深刻变化。20世纪中期美国社会由工业社会向后工业社会转型,这导致了美国社会价值观和意识形态的深刻变化,导致传统家庭结构的解体。享乐主义疏离了人际关系;性解放思潮一方面破除了性禁忌,另一方面导致离婚率上升;女权主义运动一方面使妇女走出家庭,获得独立,另一方面淡化了家庭成员间的情感关系。社会文化、价值观和生活方式的深刻变化,导致结构性神经症越来越少,自身障碍越来越多。精神分析从研究心理冲突,特别是从研究与俄狄浦斯情结有关的心理冲突,逐渐转向研究自身的发展,从而导致精神分析自身心理学的诞生。

The emergence of the psychoanalytic self psychology reflects the profound change of American's spiritual situation. In the fifties and sixties of the last century, American society began to transform from an industrial society into a post-industrial society, which caused the profound change of the values and ideology of American society and the disintegration of the traditional family structure. Hedonism estranged interpersonal relationships, the trend of thought of the sexual liberation broke with the sexual taboo on the one hand and increased the divorce rate on the other hand, the feminist movement made women move towards society and win independence on the one hand, and facilitated the trend of thought of the sexual liberation and weakened the emotional relationships among the members of family on the other hand. These profound changes of the social culture, values and lifestyle led to the result that the structural neuroticism became less and less and the self disorder more and more. Therefore, Psychoanalysis gradually shifted its focus of study from the mental conflict, especially that connected with Oedipus complex, to the self disorder, which led to the birth of the psychoanalytic self psychology.