“您”主语祈使句的标记性表现

On the Markedness of "you" in Imperative Sentences

“您”作为祈使句主语系统中最高层次的标记项呈现出丰富的种种语法表现:对祈使句肯定式的制约主要表现为祈请事象常具有听者[+受惠]特征;对强调式的制约主要表现在对强调标记的选择与对意志语气强度的限制两个方面;对否定式的制约主要表现为祈请事象常带[+受损]性以及对否定标记的选择等方面。“您”的标记性表现主要与其自身的表敬性及言语行为的礼貌原则有关系。

'You', a mark of the highest level in the subjects of imperative sentences, bears different grammatical functions. In positive imperative sentences , the subject enables the predicate to carry with it the characteristic of being (+benefit) to the listeners, while in negative ones, (+cost). Besides, NEG-marks are subject to contextual restraints in negative imperative sentences. In emphatic imperative sentences, the subject decides both the mark for emphasis and the mood as well. The markedness of 'you'is mainly connected with its implication of respect and with the politeness of speech act.