话语交际中元认知监控与认知语境选构

Metacognition Monitoring and the Construction of Cognitive Context in Language Communication

本文主要应用元认知理论分析元认知监控在话语交际中对交际双方认知语境选定所产生的作用.认知语境是听话人在推理过程中提供并组合的一组假设,同时,听话人还会根据情况对这组假设进行改变、调整以及选择.听话人对话语的理解是对一系列的假设进行推理后而实现的,因此,认知语境的生成是一个动态的推理过程,其中元认知的参与在交际过程中发挥了不可忽视的作用.元认知是认知加工系统的高级监控系统,元认知是交际顺畅进行的保障,可见,交际的过程也离不开元认知的调节和监控.

In terms of metacognition theory, this paper focuses on the effect of metacognition monitoring in the constructing of cognitive context. Cognitive context is a set of assumptions provided by the listener while in inferring; at the same time, he will change, revise and choose these assumptions according to the real situations. Listener's understanding of utterance is a result of inference about a set of assumptions. Thus, cognitive context is a mobile process of inference; in this process, metacognition plays a very important part. Metacognition is an advanced monitoring system of the cognition and the guarantee of a successful communication, so the importance of the adjustment and monitoring of the cognitive system should not be neglected in language communication.